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Glossary
Amino acids
Amino acids - The nitrogen containing units from which proteins are formed. There are 22 known amino acids....Antioxidant
Antioxidant - A substance that protects molecules from oxidation by getting oxidized itself....Bingeing
Bingeing - An eating spree....Bioavailability
Bioavailability - The extent to which the body can utilise a particular nutrient....Calorie
Calorie - Energy unit; a single calorie is the amount heat needed to increase the temperature of one gram of water by one degree centigrade....Carotene
Carotene - An orange-yellow pigment usually found in vegetables. A precursor of vitamin A....Cation
Cation - A positively charged ion....Cellulose
Cellulose - An insoluble fibre. Part of the cell walls of all plant cells....Cholesterol
Cholesterol - A fatty substance (lipid) found in animal tissue and fat....Co-enzyme
Co-enzyme - A substance, usually made out of a vitamin, associated with many enzymes and essential for their function....Cohort
Cohort - A group of people who are followed in a scientific study....Complex carbohydrate
Complex carbohydrate - Polysaccharides comprised of starches and dietary fibres....Diet
Diet - The kind of food eaten by any animal to maintain or improve its state of health....Disaccharides
Disaccharides - are two sugars linked together - sucrose composed of fructose and glucose or lactose composed of glucose and galactose....Diuretic
Diuretic - A substance that increases the flow of urine from the body....DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid - ; the nucleic acid in chromosomes that is part of the chemical basis for hereditary characteristics....Dyspnea
Dyspnea - Breathing difficulties....Enzyme
Enzyme - A protein substance that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions....Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial Tissue - forming the outer layer of body surface....Essential amino acids
Essential amino acids - Nine amino acids that can not be synthesized by mammals and are therefore dietarily essential....Esters
Esters - An organic compound produced by reaction between acid and alcohol....Fat soluble vitamins
Fat soluble vitamins - need fat for proper assimilation and are more easily stored in the body....Fatty acids
Fatty acids - are lipids, (organic compounds with limited solubility in water), that can be directly utilized as a source of energy by most body cells....Fringe
Fringe - The unofficial or unconventional school of thought about diet and nutrition....Heme iron
Heme iron - Iron found in haemoglobin. It is an easily absorbed dietary iron....Hemodynamic
Hemodynamic - The status of the body's blood system....Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis - Decomposition of organic compound with water....Hypercholesterolemic
Hypercholesterolemic - Excessive quantity of cholesterol in the blood and tissues....Hyperglycaemia
Hyperglycaemia - An elevated concentration of glucose in the blood....Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia - Acute intoxication of potassium, from intakes of about 18 g for adults. Can prove fatal because it can cause cardiac arrest....Hypertriglyceridemic
Hypertriglyceridemic - Excessive quantity of fatty acids....Hypoglycaemia
Hypoglycaemia - Low blood sugar levels, often causing confusion, light headedness and irritability....Intestinal bacteria
Intestinal bacteria - Microscopic organisms found in the colon that can help with the assimilation of certain nutrients....Lipids
Lipids - Group of chemicals, usually fats, that do not dissolve in water, but dissolve in ether....Lipoproteins
Lipoproteins - Lipid-protein particles that are carried through the blood stream....Macrobiotic
Macrobiotic - A very restrictive diet, containing mainly whole grains, considered by its advocates to promote health....Metabolism
Metabolism - Summary of all chemical events in our body's cells....Mono-unsaturated fats
Mono-unsaturated fats - containing a single double bond, usually found in plant products....Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides - are single sugars - fructose, glucose or galactose....Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter - A chemical that transmits signals between the nerve cells and the brain....Non-heme iron
Non-heme iron - Iron that is less easily absorbed by the body and is influenced by the composition of the diet. Vitamin C, meat, and fish enhance the absorption while tannic acid and phytic acid reduce iron absorption....Nutrient density
Nutrient density - The amount of and availability of nutrients found in a single food....Oedema
Oedema - Swelling due to the retention of fluids in the tissues....Oxalates
Oxalates - Organic chemical found in certain foods that can combine with calcium to form calcium oxalate, an insoluble chemical the body can not use....Parenteral Nutrition
Parenteral Nutrition - Intravenous solution containing nutrients....Phytate
Phytate - A substance found inside the husk of whole grains and cereals that binds certain minerals making them unavailable....Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides - Are many sugars linked together - starch and cellulose....Polyunsaturated fats
Polyunsaturated fats - Highly unsaturated fat, usually of plant origin....Quack
Quack - A fraudulent or ignorant pretender to medical skill....Recommended Dietary Allowance
Recommended Dietary Allowance - The levels of intake of essential nutrients judged by the Food and Nutrition Board, on the basis of scientific knowledge, to be adequate to meet the nutrient needs of all healthy persons....Renal
Renal - Functioning of the kidneys....Retinol
Retinol - Naturally occurring compounds with some vitamin A activity, usually of animal origin....Saturated fats
Saturated fats - A type of fat found in animal products, usually solid at room temperature. Tends to raise blood cholesterol levels....Simple carbohydrates
Simple carbohydrates - Are monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and disaccharides (sucrose, maltose and lactose)....Simple sugar
Simple sugar - Fructose and glucose which are more easily absorbed and utilized by the body....Solutes
Solutes - Trace elements or minerals dissolved in a substance....Subcutaneous body fat
Subcutaneous body fat - Fat found under the skin....Unsaturated fats
Unsaturated fats - Usually liquid at room temperature, and primarily found in vegetable products. Saturated fats which are usually solid are found more often in animal products....Western Diet
Western Diet - The diet followed by most people in the Western World, consisting mainly of processed foods, junk foods and fast foods with a high sodium, sugar and saturated fat content and a low nutrient density....Most Popular Articles
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Daily Definition
Enzyme
Enzyme - A protein substance that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions....